Automatically translated version. May contain inaccuracies compared to the original.
Drones were equipped with Nvidia microcomputers that the company sells for free.
Last month in Zaporizhzhia, a Russian drone that resembled a small model airplane tried to approach a gas station but crashed into a wall and exploded. The explosion caused shrapnel to scatter, killing three people.
The New York Times writes that thousands of Ukrainian civilians have died in Russian airstrikes, and these people were among them. However, their deaths had a special circumstance: according to drone experts, Ukrainian military commanders, and forensic experts who studied the fragments of this and other deadly strikes in Zaporizhzhia, the drone was controlled by an experimental autonomous AI system, not a human.
Experts and military officials noted that operators initially instructed the drone to fly to a specific gas station. After nearing it, the drone independently identified a target for strike — most likely propane cylinders, as it had been trained to recognize such objects and attack them.
Furthermore, according to experts, analysis of debris from this and other strikes in Zaporizhzhia showed that Russian drones were equipped with Nvidia microcomputers, which the company sells openly and which independently decided on target selection. Nvidia manufactures most of the chips used in the world's most advanced AI systems.
Yes, Ukrainian military officials drew attention to Nvidia modules installed in the drones and the lack of antennas, and suggested that the drones could have been operating under an autonomous AI system. Further investigation confirmed this version.
The publication emphasizes that autonomous AI systems learn to recognize various objects from thousands of images, including rivers, military trucks, or people. Drones with such a system use cameras to independently locate the needed objects and can do so more accurately than a human pilot.
At the same time, opponents of autonomous weapons emphasize that without human control, drones may make more mistakes or violate the laws of war, for example by failing to distinguish civilians from military targets.
Senior research fellow Kateryna Bondar of the Vadigvani AI Center at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington noted that the strike on the gas station 6 in July may be the first documented case of civilian deaths caused by a Russian drone with autonomous AI-based guidance. According to her, the Nvidia module installed in the drone is the strongest evidence that Russia was conducting experiments with autonomous AI systems.
The NYT writes that local air defense representatives said that during tests of autonomous drones in Zaporizhzhia, Russian forces selected various targets, including civilian objects — pumps and propane cylinders at gas stations — as well as military conscription points. There is currently no explanation why these objects were chosen for testing.
Drone expert at Kharkiv Aviation Institute Vadym Kushniakov stated that the drone from which three civilians died was pre-programmed and trained in a virtual environment to recognize and track specific objects.
Ukrainian officials said that some of the drones tested by Russia with AI exploded after impact, while others remained intact. They showed The New York Times footage of fragments from two such drones, after which the publication photographed the computer modules inside and handed the images to the company.
The company confirmed that the photographs show a Jetson Orin microcomputer. Experts also found such modules on various types of Russian weapons, and their cost is only a few hundred dollars.
At the same time, the company stated that this microcomputer is a consumer product and is sold to students, developers, and startups for various practical tasks. According to them, the company does not supply this microcomputer to Russia, although it can be purchased there through intermediaries.
Ukraine also conducted tests of AI systems that can autonomously determine targets. Former Defense Minister Mykhailo Fedorov told The Times at the end of last month that in recent months Ukrainian forces had tested a fully autonomous AI system in Crimea, which is occupied by Russia. He said these systems were used to direct strikes on fuel depots and military equipment, with no civilians harmed.
We should recall that Ukrainian forces already use more than 70 AI and computer vision systems to strike enemy targets. With these technologies, drones can navigate terrain, recognize objects, and autonomously aim at them, but the decision to issue a strike in each case is made by the operator.
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