Automatically translated version. May contain inaccuracies compared to the original.
Russia plans to increase production of Geran-type strike drones, better known in Ukraine as Shahed, to 2029 thousand units per year by 28, which is 78% more than now, by expanding the Alabuga-Volokno plant in Tatarstan.
This is stated in a Politico piece that relies on documents from the Russian state corporation Rosatom, reported by ZN.UA.
Documents show a plan to increase the production of carbon fiber for drones by an additional 500 tons per year, and this material is key for constructing the drone airframe.
According to experts, increasing fiber production will enable additional production of 28 000 strike UAVs per year, i.e., a rise in their number by 78%, because Ukrainian data currently indicate Russia can produce about 36 thousand Shaheds per year.
As Politico recently reported, Rosatom subsidiary Alabuga-Volokno plant at the beginning of this year received 46 tons of chemicals for carbon fiber production from the Chinese state corporation Jilin Chemical Fiber Group, camouflaged in invoices as other goods.
The Chinese Embassy in Washington said it was unaware of plans to expand Russian drone production and that it “strictly controls the export of dual-use goods in accordance with the law.”
For its part, the U.S. House Committee on China's documents reviewed and authenticated them.
At the same time, according to Rosatom documents, in May the Russian government approved plans to build a new line at the Alabuga-Volokno plant for production of chemical fibers and filaments for producing up to 500 tons of carbon fiber per year.
According to an unnamed Ukrainian official, satellite images taken from May to July show land adjacent to the current Alabuga carbon fiber plant in Tatarstan being cleared for the expansion project.
Satellite images taken in May (left) and July (right) 2026 show clearing of land adjacent to the Rosatom carbon fiber plant “Alabuga-Volokno” in the special economic zone of Alabuga in Tatarstan for the expansion project. Photo: Ukrainian Security and Cooperation Centre
“The foundation of the new plant is being laid,” said David O’Brien, an expert on weapons and founder and president of the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Security Studies, who independently obtained satellite images of the site in August. He says the timeline for completing the plant in 2027 would “require rapid construction.”
Drones allow Moscow to “conduct mass attacks and pressure deep behind Ukrainian lines in many places, and ensure they can break through defenses. This is a very good coercive tool and critical for Russia’s campaign of deep strikes,” said Stacy Pettijohn, a former adviser in the U.S. Department of Defense who studies the war with drones at the Center for a New American Security in Washington.
Thus Rosatom’s plans to expand its capacity to meet Russia’s demand for increasing production of strike drones worry not only Ukraine.
The publication notes that Moscow is working to increase domestic production of carbon fiber to reduce dependence on imports from China, as it plans to produce about 130 000 drones annually by 2030 year. By 2035 year they plan to raise this to 350 000 per year. And the Alabuga-Volokno plant will be at the center of these plans.
According to Rosatom documents, three key reasons for expanding the plant include “import substitution of dual-use products” and “meeting demand of Russian strategic sectors (aviation, defense industry) for carbon fiber.”
“Without carbon fiber they won’t be able to make a drone,” said Olbright.
According to him, Moscow does not receive enough polyacrylonitrile tow — the so‑called PAN precursor — used to produce high-quality carbon fiber “for all its defense needs.” Through this plant, Moscow is attempting to reduce dependence on importing fibrous chemical compound needed to arm the airframe of its drones.
According to Rosatom’s internal plans, the company intends to build a new “modern carbon fiber production plant” within the Alabuga Special Economic Zone in the Kazan region.
“The main product of the project will be carbon fiber of grade UMT42S-3K, to be used in the aerospace industry,” the documents say.
Metadata extracted from the document shows it was created by an employee of Rosatom’s Advanced Materials division UMATEX at the end of last year.
Ukraine’s Center for Security and Cooperation head Serhiy Kuzan believes that drones manufactured in Alabuga “will likely become the main instrument of future Kremlin campaigns in Europe.”
Last week, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said Moscow is ready to resume negotiations to end the war in Ukraine. But CSIS Europe, Russia and Eurasia Program deputy director Nicholas Fenton says that the data about planned carbon fiber plant expansion should make one skeptical of Lavrov’s words.
Fenton said that the September drone attack on a passenger train near the Polish border and a series of hybrid warfare examples in Europe, such as sabotage and other tactics that do not meet the threshold of open war, show that Moscow has “a substantial appetite” for escalating the conflict both in Ukraine and in Europe.
“Regardless of the political outcome of a diplomatic resolution to the Ukraine issue, we do not see de-escalation of Russia’s military posture toward NATO or Europe. We believe that the current leadership of the regime in Russia seeks confrontation with the West, even if a peace agreement is reached,” he said.
To remind:
In June 2023, the Center for Security and Cooperation in Ukraine reported in the investigation “Who and where will produce kamikaze drones in Russia following Iran’s patterns” that under the cover of civil drone production “Albatross M5” LLC “Albatross,” operating in the Alabuga Free Economic Zone near Yelabuga, Republic of Tatarstan, was likely producing “regionally tailored” Shahed strike drones, assembling parts delivered from Iran.
During 2022-2025 years, Russia invested at least 3 billion dollars in deploying mass production of strike drones, including Shahed.
The Alabuga Special Economic Zone in the Republic of Tatarstan, where Russians assemble Shahed-type drones, expanded by 2025 hectares from May 2026 to May 340.
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