Automatically translated version. May contain inaccuracies compared to the original.
The jump in the official dollar rate last week to 45,6 hryvnias led to a sharp rise in currency prices at exchange offices. Investment banker Taras Kozak says the NBU could have prevented this spike. The National Bank offers its arguments.
Sharp depreciation of the hryvnia At the end of September through October the official rate fluctuated and several times exceeded 45 hryvnias, averaging around 44,6 hryvnias. "Then (almost immediately) it rose to 45,6 hryvnias (official rate on 28 October — ed.). So plus one hryvnia literally in a few days — that’s very fast," says the president of the investment group Univer, Doctor of Philosophy in Public Administration, Taras Kozak. Moreover, on 4 November the official dollar rate hit a new record and reached 45,67 hryvnias. The NBU’s task in the foreign exchange market is to smooth out peaks, meaning to prevent situations where the rate changes sharply in one direction or the other. This is very important because sharp fluctuations are highly inconvenient for economic agents (companies, banks, and the public) since there is no predictability. "The problem is not the depreciation, but the sharp fall that occurred of 1,5–2% in a few days, and that’s a lot," the expert says. The NBU acknowledges that the hryvnia weakened during the second half of October but notes that the main factors were a decrease in currency supply and an increase in demand. Demand for foreign currency rose due to the unblocking of budget expenditures that had been paused under the government’s austerity program. In particular, VAT refunds to companies resumed, which, along with other expenditures, stimulated demand for currency. At the same time, dollar supply this year is significantly lower due to port blockages and export restrictions, the NBU press center explained to RBC-Ukraine. Frenzied demand for dollars Banks, companies, and the public have been constantly hearing information about problems obtaining external financial aid, spending cuts, non-refunded VAT, port blockages, and halted metallurgy. "Against that backdrop, when an agent also hears about a sharp rise in the dollar rate, they immediately run to an exchange office for currency and a frenzy begins," comments the founder of Univer. Evidence that the NBU allowed too sharp a depreciation is that the exchange-office rate exceeded the interbank dollar rate by a whole hryvnia, he believes. "Exchange offices clearly show the population’s assessment of depreciation: when the cash rate exceeds the interbank rate by more than a hryvnia — that means the National Bank erred and allowed a frenzy," says Taras Kozak. NBU representatives note that demand for dollars from the public increased, driven by typical seasonal growth and by the regulator’s update of monthly limits for currency purchases. "Against this backdrop, some market participants excessively raised cash buy-sell quotations," the NBU believes. To stop the excessive rise in the dollar on the cash market, first, the NBU held consultations with the market, and second, the regulator exchanged banks’ noncash currency for cash to replenish their tills. As a result of this operation, which took place on 3 November, it turned out that banks’ demand for cash dollars was only 14 million dollars, while the total supply from the NBU was 100 million dollars. "The NBU satisfied banks’ requests in full, so there are no economic reasons for an increase in the gap between the official rate and the foreign-currency sale rate of financial institutions," the NBU told the outlet, adding that a similar exchange was conducted on 4 and will be carried out on 5 November. Could the NBU have avoided the currency jump? Taras Kozak believes the National Bank had every opportunity to prevent a sharp jump of the rate to 45,6 hryvnias. It has foreign exchange reserves for that. "They are huge (47,1 billion dollars — ed.). By year-end the National Bank expects them to grow to over 60 billion dollars," the interlocutor says. But during the past working week (26–30 October) the NBU already made a record intervention on the interbank foreign exchange market, selling 1,8 billion dollars. By allowing a sharp depreciation, the regulator "burns" foreign exchange reserves more than it would by using them to support a process of gradual depreciation, Taras Kozak believes. The NBU also has other levers — such as restricting currency purchases to ensure noncritical imports; the regulator can also speak with banks and persuade them not to engage in aggressive currency buying on the interbank market, adds the founder of Univer. In response, the NBU said the regulator did hold consultations with the market. During the discussion it was taken into account that the NBU satisfied part of the demand that banks needed to fill their cash dollar tills. "Therefore there were no economic reasons for an increase in the gap between cash and noncash operation rates," the NBU is convinced. NBU representatives add that the regulator does not target specific rate levels and adheres to a policy of smoothing excessive market fluctuations. Recall, the official hryvnia-to-dollar rate reached a record level of 45,6 hryvnias on 28 October. In less than 10 days (since 19 October), the NBU raised the official rate by 0,74 hryvnia. After reaching the peak, the NBU began lowering the official rate and on 2 November it stood at 45,35 hryvnias. The average currency sale rate in bank and exchange-office cash desks during 19–28 October rose from 45,28 to 46,14 hryvnias, according to finance.ua. On 4 November the official rate reached 45,66 hryvnias, but already on 5 November it began to fall to 45,53 hryvnias. During 2–8 November average buy-sell rates for the dollar on the cash market are forecast at 45–45,7 hryvnias, said Taras Lesovyi, director of the Financial Markets and Investment Activity Department at Globus Bank.
Document: PDF proof of the original version of the news item "Курс долара сягає рекордів. Чи дійсно був ажіотаж на валюту та як реагує НБУ". It records the publication content at the moment of the first scan, the preservation date and the source: RBC-Ukraine.