Automatically translated version. May contain inaccuracies compared to the original.
Billions of hryvnias flowed into road construction, high-profile investigative reports were published, NABU opened criminal proceedings, searches were conducted and officials were dismissed — yet so far there have been no convictions.
Despite the sensational case that was under the scrutiny of anti-corruption authorities for years, one of its key figures, Yuriy Holyk, continues to exert influence over state processes while his closest associates remain in government positions. The story that began as an investigation into the alleged embezzlement of more than 1,5 billion UAH of budget funds increasingly resembles an example of how major anti-corruption cases can stall for years without real consequences for their main participants.
We are republishing this investigation to remind readers how one of the biggest road-construction scandals of recent years unfolded and why billion-hryvnia schemes still go unpunished.
War does not change indecent people, neither in the center nor in the regions; it only makes them more cynical.
It will soon be a year since the head of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Military Administration, Valentyn Reznichenko, became the center of a corruption scandal that cast a shadow over the president’s inner circle. At least four state bodies have since been briefed on Reznichenko’s lucrative relationship with fitness trainer Yana Khlanta and several notable details of her life. These include a car, shared flights and 1,5 billion UAH that the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Military Administration funneled to the company Budinvest Engineering (managed by Khlanta) for road repairs.
Yet while President Zelensky promptly and publicly removed Reznichenko — a figure in a NABU criminal case — from his post as head of the frontline Dnipropetrovsk region, Yuriy Holyk — a regular adviser to the Presidential Office with ties to LLC Budinvest Engineering — has already managed to return to Bankova Street. As always he arrives there in his Mercedes Brabus or Toyota Sequoia, now has his own office opposite the deputy head of the Presidential Office, Oleksiy Kuleba, and exerts significant influence over the heads of regional military administrations, keeping a firm grip on the Dnipropetrovsk region. Incidentally, this region recently made headlines again under the new head of the military administration, Serhiy Lysak, with billion-hryvnia contracts for road repairs. Doesn’t that smell a little like Odesa? Doesn’t it?
Interestingly, in this story with many familiar and shifting characters, some figures disappeared completely from the scene over the course of the year-long investigation. For example, Kyrylo Tymoshenko, the former overseer of the “Mega Construction” program, who was advised by Yuriy Holyk in Holyk’s senior role as deputy head of the Presidential Office. According to our sources, there was a moment when the fates of these three public figures (two of whom are not even officials and therefore do not have to disclose their assets) could have intersected in a pretrial detention facility. Yet none of them was arrested.
Interestingly, in this story with many familiar and shifting characters, some figures disappeared completely from the scene over the course of the year-long investigation. For example, Kyrylo Tymoshenko, the former overseer of the “Mega Construction” program, who was advised by Yuriy Holyk in Holyk’s senior role as deputy head of the Presidential Office. According to our sources, there was a moment when the fates of these three public figures (two of whom are not even officials and therefore do not have to disclose their assets) could have intersected in a pretrial detention facility. Yet none of them was arrested.
What is actually happening in the anti-corruption sphere ahead of the publication of the report on Ukraine’s fulfillment of EU accession criteria? Why did the regional police intervene in a case that NABU was investigating? Why is NABU investigating this case so slowly? Have the damages suffered by the state as a result of Reznichenko and associated persons been quantified? How long and wide could the list of suspects in this case be if NABU and SAPO manage to resist pressure from government offices effectively?
To find answers to these questions, we filed requests with anti-corruption and law enforcement agencies, spoke with sources in government offices, and posed questions to representatives of several state bodies.
A short history of an almost-major success
On 2 November 2022, the Main Directorate of the National Police in Dnipropetrovsk region opened criminal proceedings against “officials of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Military Administration.” The criminal case included two charges: abuse of office and legalization (money laundering) of proceeds of crime. Nothing seemed unusual — except for one “but”: the case taken up by the police in Dnipro concerned the head of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Military Administration, Valentyn Reznichenko, and more than 1,5 billion UAH of budget funds. It fell not within the jurisdiction of the National Police but of NABU, which was already investigating the matter at that time.
The case of conscientious road maintenance in the Dnipropetrovsk region is familiar to anyone who followed the news even roughly last November. It began back in 2021, when the outlet Our Money first published a story about the meteoric rise of LLC Budinvest Engineering, which skillfully won tender after tender in the region and became one of the favorites of the State Agency of Motor Roads of Ukraine (Ukravtodor). The journalists at Our Money proved persistent and continued to monitor the company’s activities. Exactly one year later, when the Ukrainian Armed Forces had already liberated the Kyiv region from the Russian army and just over a month remained before news of the liberation of the occupied Kharkiv region, the outlet published a follow-up story about Budinvest Engineering.
New data highlighted by Our Money suggested that LLC Budinvest Engineering received between May and July 2022 1,2 billion UAH from the Department of Housing, Communal Services and Construction of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Military Administration. Some of the concluded contracts were not published on the procurement website ProZorro. It is also impossible to find out which roads were repaired in the frontline region during martial law. After that investigation there were no transactions between the company and the state agency for a while, but in mid-September of last year they resumed. This continued until 2 November, when two investigations appeared in the media mentioning the same people: the head of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Military Administration, Valentyn Reznichenko, and his alleged partner Yana Khlanta, who was the owner of Budinvest Engineering. It is also worth recalling the story of the LLC’s owners.
Budinvest Engineering was founded 2017 by Iryna Vorobyova. By a great coincidence, Valentyn Reznichenko first took the leadership of the state regional administration of Dnipropetrovsk in the same year. Reznichenko’s adviser was his long-time acquaintance Yuriy Holyk. While Valentyn Reznichenko remained head of the Dnipropetrovsk regional state administration for more than eight years (with the start of the full-scale invasion the state regional administrations were converted by presidential decree into regional military administrations) — and this even under a different president and after surviving a dismissal — his aide’s fate took a different path. After the presidential elections 2019, Yuriy Holyk became an adviser (he did not hold a public office and was not an official) for the Presidential program “Mega Construction.” Until the start of the full-scale Russian invasion, the program was implemented with budget funds and included the reconstruction of roads, schools and kindergartens worth billions of budget hryvnias. What exactly Chief Adviser Holyk was responsible for became clear only later.
A shell game
Apparently NABU and SAPO initiated criminal proceedings in response to the Our Money journalists’ investigations into the tenders for road repairs in the Dnipropetrovsk region won by LLC Budinvest Engineering for over 1,5 billion UAH. The case was initially classified under articles 364 (abuse of office and misuse of official position) and 209 (money laundering) of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. But after some time the National Police opened its own, unlawfully duplicate proceeding.
Why did the police open a case even though they knew that a story involving 1,5 billion UAH clearly falls within NABU’s investigative jurisdiction, since NABU’s cases start from 30.000 USD? Why was the case opened on 2 November 2022 — exactly the day the media published confirmation that Valentyn Reznichenko and Yana Khlanta were closely connected? What prompted the haste? And who advised carrying out immediate searches at the Dnipropetrovsk Regional State Administration to seize original documents that would later be destroyed?
ZN.UA sent an information request to the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Police asking why they were investigating a case outside their jurisdiction. The National Police in Dnipro replied tersely, stating that the case had been transferred to NABU in January 2023.
But the time gained was not wasted. From our own sources the editorial staff learned that the Dnipropetrovsk regional police intended to conduct a documentary examination of materials seized by the National Police from the Dnipropetrovsk Regional State Administration and LLC Budinvest Engineering. These documents allegedly confirmed the connection between the head of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Military Administration, Valentyn Reznichenko, and Budinvest Engineering. After analysis, law enforcement intended to destroy all original documents. They did not, however, succeed. The anti-corruption authorities saved the documents.
By the way, in September this year Anatoliy Shchadilo, a police general of 3 rank who at that time led the Main Directorate of the National Police in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, was transferred to Kyiv. For a promotion.
Investigation exists, suspicion notices do not
A year ago the former head of NABU’s main detectives unit, Andriy Kaluzhynskyi, told ZN.UA in an interview about the SAPO-registered case concerning the road-construction story in Dnipropetrovsk region: “It is one thing to prove something by the standards of a conditional journalistic investigation to shape certain public perceptions of the circumstances. It is quite another thing to prove it to the extent that first a suspicion notice is served and then a court issues the appropriate sentence.” Unfortunately, Andriy Kaluzhynskyi no longer works there after Semen Kryvonos became NABU director. Nor do a number of professional detectives who left the office. It is unlikely that one can now precisely predict how this fact will affect the investigation of the case that interests us, but it is already possible to suspect that such rapid staff turnover in a central anti-corruption body is a bad sign.
Over the year there were two searches at Yuriy Holyk’s residence: first at the Konyk residential complex (at the same time detectives also searched the former head of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Military Administration, Valentyn Reznichenko). At the second search at Holyk’s place NABU seized his phone. Sources at the Presidential Office say Holyk’s lawyers are trying to get the device back. Also on Bankova Street they are confident that Kyrylo Tymoshenko, who oversaw “Mega Construction” before the full-scale invasion, is not involved in the case at all. Although detectives are also checking his connection to the tenders in the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Military Administration.
Regarding the official position of the investigative bodies, ZN.UA asked the National Anti-Corruption Bureau: Is it true that Tymoshenko is currently not involved in the case? And is there anyone among the accused who a year ago was featured in the media headlines about this story? NABU replied that it could not comment during the ongoing investigation. One thing is clear from the anti-corruption bureau’s response: the investigations continue, but concrete suspicion notices are still far off.
From our own sources we learned that the case currently includes several episodes. Some of them concern road repairs in the Dnipropetrovsk region. In addition, the anti-corruption authorities are investigating cases of illicit enrichment and false asset declarations by employees of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Military Administration. NABU and SAPO are also checking at least 11 companies that were contractual partners of Budinvest Engineering. This involves examining money flows between these companies and their interconnections. Some of these firms are also under investigation for possible links to employees of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Military Administration.
Expertises and audit, or one hand washes the other
One of the most critical problems NABU is working on, according to sources, is proving the damage caused. Until the bureau has its own expert institution to perform such assessments — which would significantly speed up progress in numerous criminal cases — the anti-corruption authorities have to “queue up” to obtain the necessary expert reports. And if it were only a matter of waiting in line... First, the outcome of an expert assessment is, as always, influenced by the head of the Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Examinations, Oleksandr Ruvin. How exactly he influences it has already been described and discussed (including by ZN.UA). Second, in this case there are other circumstances that hinder not only proof of damage but already the preliminary phase. The problem lies with the attitude of the State Audit Service of Ukraine. Please pay attention: for NABU to carry out a damage assessment in this case, the bureau must have the expenditures for road repairs audited that were financed by the Department of Housing and Communal Services of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Administration.
This audit is conducted by the State Audit Service. This authority checks how effectively budget funds were used. A completely necessary review, you would agree. And such a fiscal audit has begun in this case. The audit procedure of the State Audit Service in NABU cases is as follows: an expert works jointly with investigators on the materials to be analyzed during the investigation. In essence, the person from the Audit Service becomes directly familiar with the investigative files. When the audit of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Administration and Budinvest Engineering was carried out and the State Audit Service auditor found damages and was to prepare a conclusion, strange things began to happen. The State Audit Service started delaying the provision of the report to investigators — the report NABU needed for further work and to carry out the final expert assessment in the criminal proceedings.
These facts can be interpreted and evaluated in different ways. However, there is one significant fact that cannot be ignored: legally the State Audit Service is directly subordinated to the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, whose head Serhiy Marchenko is a sports partner and good friend of Yuriy Holyk.
So imagine the situation: law enforcement is investigating alleged illegal actions by Holyk, and the audit — together with all the investigative materials collected that are necessary for the next expert assessment — is being carried out by an agency that reports to his friend.
Isn’t this a conflict of interest? And who could file a motion for recusal or withdraw? Yet the factor of a friend at the Finance Ministry, who in this case most likely acts as an implementer of orders from higher-ranking persons, is not the only issue.
Institutional particularity of DerzhdorNDI
The story around the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Military Administration and Budinvest Engineering revolves around whether the road repairs funded by the Department of Housing and Communal Services were carried out at inflated prices. If so, the company harmed the state.
That damage, though, must be proven if it exists. In Ukraine there is a state enterprise, the State Research Institute of Road Construction named after M. Shulhin (SE DerzhdorNDI), which collects information on the prices of building materials from all regions. Essentially it is a large database for various construction-related goods.
By the way, the institute is subordinate to Ukravtodor. Journalists and experts who work with the DerzhdorNDI database report that suppliers of various building materials can report prices to the state enterprise that already include a certain markup.
If, for example, there is a company that sells cement for road construction or repair, and that company is friends with someone among the regional state administration employees responsible for conducting tenders, then the information in DerzhdorNDI is guaranteed to be distorted — meaning the price is artificially raised.
If that price is published in the DerzhdorNDI database, a kind of snowball effect occurs: the fictitiously inflated price becomes the norm, and other suppliers begin to use it as a basis. Thus corruption begins already at the stage of price formation and not only at the so-called bribe payments. And if you agree the price with a supplier of, say, cement who might be the only one in the region, you can raise the price and still remain legal.
Stanislav Hvozdikov, deputy director for European integration at SE DerzhdorNDI, whom we also questioned, is nevertheless convinced that claims about inflated prices in the DerzhdorNDI databases are not true. According to him, this risk was mitigated by the methodology for pricing road works that came into force on 17 October of last year.
“This methodology reflects internationally recognized procurement and pricing practices,” he explains.
— “Now material costs are separated from transportation costs. Applying the methodology enables the client to control costs at all stages of the project, from planning to project completion. The services of the Reconstruction Agency in the regions and in some cases regional state administrations are required, when ordering planning and cost-estimate documentation, among other things, to specify the information source for material costs and the transport distance.”
Hvozdikov says that the information source for material costs is now, in the vast majority of cases, exclusively the DerzhdorNDI database, which is compiled from several information sources and not only from suppliers. This has brought material costs closer to current market levels and in turn provided better understanding and control over actual project costs.
“Information about ex-factory or works prices comes from raw material suppliers from quarries, specifically in the form of their commercial offers, which separately include transport cost information,” Stanislav Hvozdikov continues. “In addition, our analysts at DerzhdorNDI use historical data. For example, information from ProZorro about already paid, executed contracts as well as from bid proposals by procurement participants. We also have a database of active quarries that we call ourselves. All information sources can be viewed in our price database. The supplier is only one of many sources.
When we calculate the average price, we do so for objectivity from at least 4 to 5 sources,” explains Stanislav Hvozdikov, assuring that the corruption factor in inflating prices at the stages of forming the estimated cost by the client, contract conclusion and settlement with contractors for performed works was completely eliminated last year thanks to implementation of the methodology.
Is that really the case? That is probably a reason for a separate investigation and a dedicated article. It turns out, however, that the introduced methodology came into force only after the Department of Housing and Communal Services of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Military Administration had transferred 1,5 billion UAH to Budinvest Engineering. And weren’t the prices in the ProZorro contracts already inflated according to exactly that scheme?
So is there a perspective for the case?
The pace of the investigation does not meet society’s impatient expectations for suspicion notices against the alleged main actors. Expectations are high because the story hits hard and dazzles with the simplicity of its brazenness. Of course none of the name holders in the loud headlines is guilty until a court rules otherwise. But we tried to outline the horizon on which the case might be brought to court.
Whether the law or the government protective “roof” proves stronger in this story will be another signal of what is really happening in our anti-corruption sector. And whom we should thank for that.
Document: PDF proof of the original version of the news item "Waschsalon der „Megabaustelle“: Wie Milliarden für Straßen in fragwürdigen Konstruktionen verschwanden und weshalb Yuriy Holyk sich seit Jahren der Ha...". It records the publication content at the moment of the first scan, the preservation date and the source: Rozsliduvach.