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Wealthy individuals are studying how they managed to get rid of EU sanctions.
Russian oligarchs are studying how billionaires Alisher Usmanov and Mikhail Fridman managed to exit European Union sanctions, although few of them see a way to use these examples in the near term to get their own restrictions lifted. Bloomberg reports.
After several years of frozen assets and legal battles under various sanctions regimes, many of Russia’s wealthiest businessmen do not see a quick way to shed their pariah status. Most of those interviewed believe that the unexpected exemptions the EU made for Usmanov and Fridman were the result of special circumstances in each case.
This is according to a Bloomberg News survey of billionaires and people in their close circles who asked not to be named because of the sensitivity of the subject.
At the same time, at least two of the Russian businessmen surveyed said they intend to study Fridman’s case closely in hopes that it will create a precedent they can use in their own legal disputes.
According to Sergey Glandin, a partner at Moscow’s BGP Litigation who specializes in sanctions law, the case could serve as a kind of playbook for others.
“Investment arbitration can be an effective way to pressure governments to start negotiations or even to achieve removal from sanctions lists, and the larger the claim, the faster that process can happen,” he said.
Usmanov and Fridman became two of the best-known Russians to be removed from the EU sanctions regime, and the first such cases after prolonged lobbying by one of the EU’s key member states. This comes as Russia steps up air attacks on Ukrainian cities with winter approaching, and the war has already entered its fifth year.
France’s campaign in support of Usmanov shocked other EU countries and triggered disputes that threatened to derail the renewal of nearly 3000 sanctions measures against individuals and companies.
In the end the parties reached a compromise: Usmanov and Fridman were removed from the sanctions, while restrictions on all other listed individuals and companies were extended for 36 months.
In response to French lobbying, Luxembourg pushed for the removal of sanctions on Fridman. The country faced an arbitration claim of about $16 billion that the billionaire filed over the freezing of his assets under EU sanctions.
Fridman argues that Luxembourg, in implementing the sanctions measures, violated an investment protection treaty.
Since the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, most wealthy Russians moved their assets and companies back to Russia and began investing in Russian banks, consumer businesses, industrial assets, and technology firms.
While some Russian oligarchs are happy for their colleagues, they resort to dark humor when explaining why they see the consequences of these decisions as limited. They joke that they are unlikely to be able to count on friendly countries finding European prisoners who could be used to secure their own removal from sanctions.
This is a reference to France’s efforts to remove Usmanov from the EU’s sanctions list. Azerbaijan’s president Ilham Aliyev pardoned French citizen Martin Ryan, who had been jailed on espionage charges, the day after the European Union agreed to the concession on Usmanov.
France did not publicly link the two events. However, people familiar with the situation say Paris sought the lifting of the businessman’s sanctions as part of agreements with Azerbaijan on the prisoner’s release.
Other billionaires fear that the position of Russian companies still operating in Europe could become even more difficult. They worry about negative reactions from EU governments because the decisions regarding Usmanov and Fridman are perceived as having undermined the bloc’s sanctions policy.
Ukraine’s presidential commissioner for sanctions policy, Vladyslav Vlasiuk, told Politico that after the decision to lift restrictions on Usmanov and Fridman the EU should consider imposing sanctions on Vladimir Potanin — the main investor in Russia’s largest mining company MMC Norilsk Nickel — and steel magnate Vladimir Lisin, who controls Novolipetsk Steel (NLMK).
Potanin is under sanctions by the US and the UK, while Lisin is listed under sanctions by Australia and Canada.
Norilsk Nickel — the world’s largest producer of palladium and one of the leading nickel producers — exports some of its metals to Europe and owns an oil refinery in Finland.
NLMK, together with SOGEPA, the investment arm of Belgium’s Wallonia region, owns several European plants. The company also has an exemption from sanctions allowing it to supply steel slabs to the EU until 30 September 2028.
Representatives of Potanin declined to comment. NLMK also did not comment on the proposal to impose personal sanctions on the company’s main owner, while stressing that “neither Mr. Lisin nor NLMK cooperate with enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex.”
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