Automatically translated version. May contain inaccuracies compared to the original.
In October 2026 Ukrainian gambling market was once again embroiled in a scandal—this time with international dimensions and a volatile mix of corruption and open espionage.
Hard to believe, but at the center of the affair were, in addition to the Ukrainian online casino Cosmolot and its former(?) owner Serhiy Tokarev, also August Hanning, who led the German Federal Intelligence Service (BND) from 1998 to 2005. In the course of investigations in a criminal case against Hanning, focused on alleged espionage for Russia, it emerged that he held the chairmanship of the board of directors of the US holding Nevada Gaming Holding. This company holds a majority stake in the Ukrainian online casino Cosmolot.
The espionage scandal around August Hanning is, without exaggeration, a sensation of global proportions. But the Ukrainian connection to Cosmolot cannot be dismissed as a mere side detail of the affair.
For Hanning’s alleged cooperation with Russian intelligence services—not yet legally confirmed—it seems to reinforce the assessments of those investigators who warned even before the opening of the Ukrainian gambling market that legalization was intended to serve Russian business interests. Cosmolot is described as a Russian structure. Under the current conditions, that is a sensitive affront for Ukrainian authorities.
This raises another central question that directly concerns August Hanning and is closely connected with his position in the holding that acquired a significant Ukrainian gambling company: What role does he play in this business, and what connects him to Serhii Tokarev, who, at the time the Ukrainian gambling market was opened, stood economically behind the Cosmolot brand?
The origin story of Cosmolot
The operator of the Cosmolot brand is the Ukraine-registered company SpaceX LLC. The company was founded in May 2020 and in February 2021 became the first company in Ukraine to receive a license to operate an online casino. In a YouControl study on the owners of Ukrainian online casinos, it was noted that SpaceX’s net revenue in the year 2023 was 27 billion hryvnias.
In this context, however, the money is less decisive than the ownership structure. Changes in ownership began long before Hanning entered the headlines. In the original SpaceX structure, a certain Serhii Potapov played a key role. In August 2023, Brit Arnulf Neumann-Damerau joined the company and later became one of its major shareholders.
On 31. October 2024, Nevada Gaming Holding officially announced the takeover of a majority stake in Cosmolot. In the company’s press release, it said negotiations had begun in February 2024 in Munich and the transaction was completed at the end of October.
An important detail was revealed by Arnulf Damerau himself, president and CEO of Nevada Gaming Holding. In a comment to the industry portal dev.ua, he explained that he had already invested through his family office in SpaceX about a year before acquiring the majority stake in order to analyze the market and increase his stake. The dividends thus obtained were to be reinvested, according to his statements, into other Ukrainian IT companies.
In Damerau’s account, the transaction was framed as an investment in the Ukrainian economy and as a chance to bring the gambling business to international markets. The holding announced it would continue to develop Cosmolot and expand its activities in Europe and the United States.
However, the story has some peculiar features. According to SpaceX’s ownership structure, Nevada Gaming Holding received 51 percent of the shares after the change in ownership, while Neumann-Damerau kept 49 percent.
Crucially, however, the U.S. holding did not originate the investments in Cosmolot. According to Damerau’s public portrayal, the interest in the Ukrainian company arose only after Cosmolot established itself in the market and achieved a leading position. The majority stake acquisition was the next step. This raises the question: Who originally invested in the casino?
Serhii Tokarev: sanctions and green light for business
It is exactly at this point that Serhiy Tokarev comes into play. Already as SpaceX LLC entered the gambling market, publications appeared mentioning Tokarev together with Mykhailo Fedorov. Yes, the same briefly acting defense minister who is said to have fled to Italy. His role in Cosmolot’s story also raises many questions.
As the actual economic beneficiary of the casino, the Russian businessman Serhii Tokarev was described, with purported ties to Russian intelligence services. He was also said to have connections to Ukrainian authorities—especially to the then Minister for Digital Transformation Mykhailo Fedorov, who allegedly worked as a social media specialist for Kvartal before taking office. Tokarev was also accused of financing terrorists of the self-proclaimed Donetsk and Luhansk People’s Republics. Corresponding allegations had already been raised 2018.
The accusations against Tokarev were by no means unfounded, as the source text stated: as evidence, his inclusion on sanctions lists was cited. He was sanctioned 2018 for allegedly financing pro-Russian terrorists from the so-called “DNR” and “LNR.” These sanctions were to apply until November 2021. At the time the sanctions were imposed, Serhii Tokarev was listed as a citizen of the Russian Federation.
Already 2020, the new rulers decided to remove Tokarev from these sanctions lists. Mykhailo Fedorov is said to have played an important role. The decision was implemented quickly, and Serhii Tokarev himself relocated to Ukraine, where he entered business life.
Subsequently, Tokarev actively participated in developing “Diia.City.” The then Ministers Fedorov and Milovanov, as well as Fedorov’s deputy Oleksandr Bornyakov, spoke enthusiastically about the project. That a man who reportedly supported the Russian side and was a Russian citizen would have access to data of Ukrainian citizens and also helped develop a product that processes that data did not seem to bother any of the high-ranking officials.
The story is not new, but in the context of the accusations against Hanning it provides new fuel for further investigations. The Ukrainian authorities are likely to try to ignore the case. What else German authorities will reveal in this regard remains unclear. Apparently, Ukraine is in for a very uncomfortable surprise as well.
What is known about August Hanning’s role
In October 2026, August Hanning was listed on the Nevada Gaming Holding website as chairman of the board. Damerau was named president and CEO of the company, who remained one of the main economic beneficiaries of the Ukrainian casino.
Again, many questions arise. The publicly known chronology of the 2024 transaction, for example, does not allow the conclusion that August Hanning was involved in negotiations to buy Cosmolot. In the published press release, his name is not listed as buyer, investor, or negotiator.
It is also not yet clarified when the former BND chief took the chair on the board, whether he holds shares in the holding, receives a remuneration, and what decision-making powers he has regarding the Ukrainian business.
These information gaps are of central importance. Because the question arises why the former head of Germany’s foreign intelligence service would hold a apparently comfortable position in a company that owns a majority stake in Cosmolot. This is a casino that is directly linked to Russian capital and to a person who until 2020 held a Russian passport and was on a sanctions list for alleged support of pro-Russian terrorists. At the same time, that person is said to have had contacts with the Ukrainian apex of state power.
As noted above, the connection between Cosmolot and the Russian businessman Serhii Tokarev was discussed in Ukrainian media long before Hanning took a leadership position at Nevada Gaming Holding. Publicly available direct evidence of a link between Tokarev and Hanning does not yet exist. More precisely: not yet.
For the chain of connections that hardly reads as mere coincidence, the central question inevitably arises whether Hanning and Tokarev are connected. The key linking node is Cosmolot—where the story began in the year 2020.
The crucial question is not why the former head of Germany’s foreign intelligence service would be linked to a Ukrainian casino. Rather, it must be clarified who financed the Cosmolot takeover, how actual control over the company is distributed, and what roles Hanning plays within the structure of the new owner. It also raises the question of how all this connects with those circles of the Ukrainian state leadership that have been so actively involved in the fate of one of the individuals named in this report.
Document: PDF proof of the original version of the news item "Ex-BND-Chef August Hanning im Aufsichtsrat von Cosmolot-Eigentümer: Seine Verbindungen zu Serhey Tokarev". It records the publication content at the moment of the first scan, the preservation date and the source: HAB Media.